Uncontrolled high blood pressure can lead to:
Heart attack or stroke. High blood pressure can cause hardening and thickening of the arteries (atherosclerosis), which can lead to a heart attack, stroke or other complications.
Aneurysm. Increased blood pressure can cause your blood vessels to weaken and bulge, forming an aneurysm. If an aneurysm ruptures, it can be life-threatening. Aneurysm occurs when a blood vessel wall bursts causing internal bleeding.
Embolism: occurs when a blood clot or air bubble blocks the flow of blood in a vessel.
Heart failure. To pump blood against the higher pressure in your vessels, your heart muscle thickens. Eventually, the thickened muscle may have a hard time pumping enough blood to meet your body's needs, which can lead to heart failure.
Weakened and narrowed blood vessels in your kidneys. This can prevent these organs from functioning normally.
Kidney disease
High blood pressure can also damage the small blood vessels in your kidneys and stop them from working properly.
This can cause a number of symptoms, including:
tiredness
swollen ankles, feet or hands (due to water retention)
shortness of breath
blood in your urine
urinating more often, particularly at night
itchy skin
Kidney disease can be treated using a combination of medication and food supplements.
More serious cases may require dialysis (a treatment where waste products are artificially removed from the body) or a kidney transplant.
Thickened, narrowed or torn blood vessels in the eyes. This can result in vision loss.
Metabolic syndrome. This syndrome is a cluster of disorders of your body's metabolism — including increased waist circumference, high triglycerides, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL), or "good," cholesterol, high blood pressure, and high insulin levels. If you have high blood pressure, you're more likely to have other components of metabolic syndrome. The more components you have, the greater your risk of developing diabetes, heart disease or stroke.
Trouble with memory or understanding. Uncontrolled high blood pressure may also affect your ability to think, remember and learn. Trouble with memory or understanding concepts is more common in people who have high blood pressure.
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